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# MEDiscuss

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## Posts

- [Which Cooking Oil? Make Healthy Choices Now - Part 1](https://www.mediscuss.org/which-cooking-oil-make-healthy-choices-now-part-1/) - This is the first article in a series of three. In this series, let us explore everything we need to know about cooking oil to make healthier choices. Oils are important for our dishes. They avoid food from sticking to the pan, and have a great influence on the final flavour, consistency, and texture of
- [Doctor, Do I Need Angiography Now?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-do-i-need-angiography-now/) - Patient: “Doctor, I have been told I need a coronary angiography. Do I really need this procedure?” Doctor: “I understand your worry. Coronary angiography is a diagnostic procedure that helps us see how well the blood vessels of your heart are functioning.” Patient: “But is it absolutely necessary?” Doctor: “Not always. We recommend it when
- [Doctor, I Can't Sleep Well](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-i-cannot-sleep-well/) - 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: "Doctor, I can't sleep well for many months. I've tried many remedies with no use. What can I do?" 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: "That's a difficult situation. Good sleep is very important for health. Do you know about sleep hygiene?" 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: "Sleep hygiene? What does it mean?" 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: "Sleep hygiene is a set of habits and practices
- [Health Quotient (HQ) - A New Tool to Understand Health Literacy](https://www.mediscuss.org/health-quotient-new-tool-for-health-literacy/) - In the modern world, we have a deluge of information about health and wellness. This necessitates a new tool for health literacy: Health Quotient (HQ)
- [Death and Life: A Doctor's Profound Journey with Death](https://www.mediscuss.org/death-and-life-doctors-profound-journey/) - Death, a word often spoken in whispers, casts a long shadow over the halls of hospitals. Healthcare workers find themselves on the front lines to face death.
- [Respiratory Auscultation - Learn the Basic of Breath Sounds Now](https://www.mediscuss.org/respiratory-auscultation/) - Auscultation is a crucial clinical method for assessing respiratory problems. This article provides a detailed description of the method and abnormalities.
- [An Ultimate Guide: Understanding and Addressing Vitamin D Deficiency](https://www.mediscuss.org/ultimate-guide-to-vitamin-d-deficiency/) - Vitamin D, often called the "sunshine vitamin," is crucial for our health. However, a lack of this vital nutrient has become a global issue.
- [The Hydration Myth: Why Drinking "More" Is Not Always Better](https://www.mediscuss.org/drinking-too-much-water/) - Water is essential for our body, but the common belief is that the more water we drink, the better it is for our health. However, this is not applicable to all.
- [ದಿನಕ್ಕೆ ಎಷ್ಟು ನೀರು ಕುಡಿಯಬೇಕು? ಅತಿಯಾದರೆ ಅಮೃತವೂ ವಿಷವೇ!](https://www.mediscuss.org/kannada-drinking-too-much-water/) - "ಡಾಕ್ಟ್ರೇ, ನಾನು ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ಎಷ್ಟಾಗುತ್ತೋ ಅಷ್ಟು ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ನೀರು ಕುಡಿಯೋಕೆ ಟ್ರೈ ಮಾಡ್ತೀನಿ." "ನನ್ನ ಯೂರಿನ್ (ಮೂತ್ರ) ಬಣ್ಣ ನೀರಿನ ಥರ ಕ್ಲಿಯರ್ ಆಗಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಅಂದ್ರೆ, ನಾನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ನೀರು ಕುಡೀತಿದ್ದೀನಿ ಅಂತ ಅರ್ಥ ಅಲ್ವಾ?" "ರಾತ್ರಿ ಯೂರಿನ್ ಪಾಸ್ ಮಾಡಲು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಲ ಎದ್ದೇಳ್ತೀನಿ ಡಾಕ್ಟ್ರೇ, ಆದ್ರೆ ಮಲಗೋ ಮುಂಚೆ ಒಂದು ಲೀಟರ್ ನೀರು ಕುಡಿಯಲೇಬೇಕಲ್ವಾ, ಅದ್ಕೆ ಕುಡೀತೀನಿ." ಇವೆಲ್ಲವೂ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಾನು ಪ್ರತಿದಿನ ಕೇಳುವ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಾತುಗಳು. ಬಹಳಷ್ಟು ಜನರು ತಾವು ದಿನಾ ಅತಿ
- [The Paradox of Progress: Why Modern Medicine Needs Ancient Wisdom](https://www.mediscuss.org/paradox-of-progress-modern-medicine-needs-ancient-wisdom/) - The Triumph of Modern Science We live in the golden age of medical science. In just a single century, we have rewritten the destiny of the human species. We have turned fatal infections into manageable inconveniences with the help of antibiotics. We have mapped the human genome, peered inside the living brain with MRI scans,
- [New: Examination of the Cardiac Apex Beat](https://www.mediscuss.org/examination-of-cardiac-apex-beat/) - Understanding the apex beat is crucial for medical students and practitioners. It's not just a physical sign, but a gateway to in-depth cardiac diagnosis.
- [Decoding Fructose: The Bittersweet Reality](https://www.mediscuss.org/decoding-fructose-the-bittersweet-reality/) - "Decoding Fructose: The Bittersweet Reality" is an article that explores various aspects of fructose, a simple sugar found in natural and processed foods.
- [Doctor-Patient Relationship: Four Models And A Guide to Evidence-Based Care](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-patient-relationship-evidence-based-medicine/) - 🏛️ Policy Impact: This article was cited by the Senate of the States General (The Netherlands) in the legislative document "Carefulness in Dealing with Age Limits" regarding medical ethics and doctor-patient relationships. [View Citation Source] 📄 At a Glance: Conflict in the hospital setup usually starts from mismatched expectations. This article analyzes the four core
- [Death - The Ultimate Reality Now](https://www.mediscuss.org/death-ultimate-reality/) - Life asked Death, “Why do people love me, but hate you?” Death responded, “Because you are a beautiful lie and I am the unpleasant truth.” As I read the above lines a long time ago, I wondered if death was the most misunderstood reality. Even doctors, who see deaths very closely, often have misgivings about
- [Doctor, I Was Told To Have Atrial Fibrillation](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-i-have-atrial-fibrillation/) - Patient: "Doctor, I went for a routine check of my high blood pressure yesterday and I was told to have Atrial Fibrillation! What is this?" Doctor: "Oh, I see. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is the most common serious heart irregularity that we see in medical practice. It is a condition where the heart beats irregularly and
- [Doctor, Can I Avoid Cancer?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-can-i-avoid-cancer/) - Patient: "Doctor, I recently read that daily exposure to carcinogens that cause cancer is unavoidable. Is it true that they are everywhere?" Doctor: "It is a concern. As you know, carcinogens are substances that can potentially cause cancer. Yes, they can be found in many places, from processed foods to household cleaners, and even in
- [Doctor, I Have Vertigo. What Can I Do Now?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-i-have-vertigo/) - Patient: "Doctor, recently I'm feeling like the room is spinning around me. Could this be vertigo?" Doctor: "Yes, it looks like you are experiencing vertigo. Vertigo is a symptom where you feel as if you or your surroundings are moving when there is no actual movement. It can be caused by problems in the inner
- [Honest Conversations in Healthcare - A Series](https://www.mediscuss.org/health-dialogue-series/) - Honest conversations - this collection of dialogues between a patient and a doctor dives into common health misconceptions, offering clarity...
- [Doctor, I Have Abdominal Bloating](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-i-have-abdominal-bloating/) - Aerophagia is the excessive swallowing of air, often happening without our knowledge, especially when eating quickly or if we are talking while eating.
- [Doctor, Are Generic Medicines Really Safe?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-are-generic-medicines-really-safe/) - The generic medicines are cost-effective because they are versions of brand-name drugs after the original patents have expired. They don't carry the same marketing and development costs.
- [Doctor, Can I Do Blood Tests in Any Lab?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-can-i-do-blood-tests-in-any-lab/) - What's most important is that the lab provides reliable and accurate results. Different labs use slightly different techniques for blood tests, but the reliability of their results is what matters.
- [Doctor, Can I Stop The Medicines Now?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-can-i-stop-the-medicines-now/) - Many people ask this question. Can I stop the medicines now? My BP is under control, my diabetes is under control. Can I stop and see? You will get the correct answer here
- [Doctor, Are There Any Side Effects?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-are-there-any-side-effects/) - This article presents a dialogue between a doctor and a patient about medication side effects. The doctor explains that side effects...
- [Doctor, Can You Guarantee A Cure?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-can-you-guarantee-a-cure/) - Many patients expect a guaranteed cure for simple as well as critical illnesses. Is this possible? What are the concerns? Is it ethical to guarantee a cure?
- [Doctor, Tell Me About High Blood Pressure](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-tell-me-about-high-blood-pressure/) - 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: "Doctor, I'm curious to know about hypertension. Can you please tell me?" 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: "Certainly. Hypertension is commonly known as high blood pressure. It is a medical condition where the force of the blood against your blood vessel walls is too high." 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: "What is the normal blood pressure?" 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: "Blood pressure is usually measured
- [Doctor, I Searched My Symptoms on Google!](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-i-googled-my-symptoms/) - Patient: "Doctor, I had stomach pain 2 weeks ago and searched my symptoms on Google. It says I might have something serious. It's bothering me since then." Doctor: "Searching about your symptoms online is like a double-edged sword. Hope you don't have the stomach pain any more." Patient: "No, the pain didn't come back. Actually,
- [Doctor, Are Vaccines Really Safe?](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctor-are-vaccines-really-safe/) - It's important to differentiate between myths and facts. Vaccines are rigorously tested for safety and efficacy before they're approved for public use. They are safe.
- [Doctor, Can I Sweets During Functions?](https://www.mediscuss.org/sweets-during-functions-in-diabetes/) - 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁: "Doctor, with all the social functions I attend, it's impossible to avoid sweets and rich foods. It's almost like a tradition to eat a lot at these events. How can I manage my diabetes?" 𝗗𝗼𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿: "I understand the cultural importance of these functions. Managing diabetes effectively doesn't mean you must completely avoid them." 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁:
- [The Hidden Dangers of  Chips and Crisps](https://www.mediscuss.org/hidden-dangers-of-chips-crisps/) - Chips and crisps are popular snacks all over the world. They are appreciated for their crunch and variety by kids and adults alike. However their health implications are overlooked in the pursuit of taste. Flavoured chips often contain harmful ingredients that can negatively impact health, especially for people with diabetes, with the surprising inclusion of
- [Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring - A New Method for Checking BP](https://www.mediscuss.org/ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitoring-a-new-method-for-checking-bp/) - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is a non-invasive method used to measure blood pressure at regular intervals over a 24-hour period or longer while patients go about their normal daily activities. It provides a more accurate picture of a patient's true blood pressure compared to blood pressure measurements taken in a medical setting. ABPM is
- [Worried about Hairfall? Hope it is Telogen Effluvium!](https://www.mediscuss.org/hairfall-in-telogen-effluvium/) - What is Telogen Effluvium? It is a common type of hair loss that occurs when more hairs than normal enter the shedding phase of the hair growth cycle at once.
- [Academic Publishing - Making It Free And Open Access](https://www.mediscuss.org/academic-publishing-making-it-free-and-open-access/) - Scientific publishing is pivotal in advancing science and medicine. It has been instrumental from Edward Jenner’s smallpox vaccine era to the epoch of Watson and Crick’s DNA structure revelation. Publications in esteemed journals validate research, archive knowledge, and spur collaboration. They bridge theory with practice. This delicate interplay of rigorous scrutiny and widespread dissemination is
- [Secrets of Farts: A Guide to the Science of Flatulence](https://www.mediscuss.org/understanding-flatulence/) - Farts, also known as flatulence, are a natural and common bodily function. This article aims to demystify the science behind farting, shedding light on why it happens...
- [Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate](https://www.mediscuss.org/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate/) - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific test for inflammation. It is easy to perform, widely available and inexpensive, making it a widely used screening test. It is also used as a monitoring tool for response to treatment in conditions in which it is raised (tuberculosis, autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, etc.) Basics about Erythrocyte Sedimentation
- [Eat Right, Eat Light](https://www.mediscuss.org/eat-right-eat-light/) - People often try anything to help them lose weight. The reasons to lose weight are many - to be healthy, maintain fitness, or to look and feel better. Most companies that promote special diets or diet plans take advantage of this. They lure people by promising weight loss quickly and easily. Some "quick-fix" crash diet
- [Bitter Taste in Mouth? A Simple Guide to Dysgeusia](https://www.mediscuss.org/mouth-bitterness-in-illness/) - Have you ever noticed a bitter taste in your mouth when you're sick? This is a common experience, known as dysgeusia, that occurs in various illnesses.
- [Work Life Balance: Strategies for Professionals](https://www.mediscuss.org/work-life-balance-strategies-for-professionals/) - Introduction Gone are the days when the boundaries between office and home were clearly defined. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, the quest for a harmonious work life balance has become increasingly crucial. Technological progress and shifting societal expectations have intertwined our personal and professional lives. The concept of ‘Work from Home’
- [Finding it Hard to Lose Weight? Simple Tips!](https://www.mediscuss.org/why-is-it-hard-to-lose-weight/) - Inability to lose weight is a very common grievance. Weight loss is unquestionably difficult. However, some fundamental principles will help us in understanding
- [Strategies for Combating the Anti-Vax Challenge](https://www.mediscuss.org/strategies-for-combating-the-anti-vax-challenge/) - the anti-vax movement has gained significant attention for its role in public health. This article dives into the multifaceted impact of vaccine hesitancy...
- [Yawning - The Fascinating Science Behind It](https://www.mediscuss.org/yawning/) - Yawning is a natural, often involuntary process involving opening the mouth widely and inhaling deeply, followed by a quick exhale.
- [Palm Oil as a Cooking Oil](https://www.mediscuss.org/palm-oil-as-a-cooking-oil/) - Palm oil, extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree, stands as a predominant cooking oil globally. This article delves into its nutritional properties, health impacts, environmental effects, practicality in cooking, and implications of reduced production.
- [Understanding Antibiotics (Part 1)](https://www.mediscuss.org/understanding-antibiotics-part-1/) - Antibiotics are an important type of modern medicine. But they are not just like any other. Most medications modify the function of our body to control or cure a symptom or a disease. However, antibiotics are special, they do not have a direct effect on our body. Antibiotics act on the microorganisms (bacteria) present in
- [Pandemic Roundup: Past, Present and Prospects](https://www.mediscuss.org/pandemic-roundup-past-present-and-prospects/) - The COVID-19 pandemic is now more than two years old. It has changed the world in a previously unimaginable manner, and fast. We are all witnesses to that change and the new normal. Before looking at the prospects for the future, let's take a quick look at the past and present. Past: Before Nov 2019
- [AI and ML in Healthcare](https://www.mediscuss.org/ai-and-ml-in-healthcare/) - Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by improving patient care, reducing costs, and streamlining processes.
- [Doctors and their handwriting](https://www.mediscuss.org/doctors-and-their-handwriting/) - Doctors are (in)famous for illegible handwriting. We see jokes and cartoons in the media about the unreadable handwriting of doctors, and this is a global problem. It surprises people when a doctor has good writing - and some even suspect if they are real doctors!
- [Symphony of the Stomach](https://www.mediscuss.org/symphony-of-the-stomach/) - This article explores the intriguing phenomenon of stomach noises, known as borborygmi. These sounds, ranging from gurgles to growls, occur due to the movement of gas and fluids in the intestines, driven by muscular contractions during digestion.
- [Nocturnal Leg Cramps](https://www.mediscuss.org/nocturnal-leg-cramps/) - Introduction Nocturnal leg cramps are a common and distressing condition that affect many individuals, particularly the elderly. The condition is characterized by sudden, involuntary muscle contractions that occur during the night, usually in the calf muscles. These cramps can be extremely painful and disruptive, often causing sleep disturbance and affecting an individual's quality of life.
- [Answering Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)](https://www.mediscuss.org/answering-multiple-choice-questions-mcqs/) - Here are some tips for answering multiple choice questions in a competitive examination: Read the question carefully and make sure you understand what it is asking. Read all of the answer choices before selecting one. Eliminate answer choices that you know are incorrect. Consider all of the information that you have learned and try to
- [Understanding Antibiotics (Part 2)](https://www.mediscuss.org/understanding-antibiotics-part-2/) - Antibiotics are an important and special class of medications, as we learned in the first part of this series on understanding antibiotics. Now we know what antibiotics are - they are a valuable weapon in the fight against harmful bacteria. But if you think humans invented antibiotics, sorry to disappoint you. Didn't humans invent antibiotics?
- [Understanding Antibiotics (Part 3)](https://www.mediscuss.org/understanding-antibiotics-part-3-antibiotic-resistance/) - Antibiotic resistance is a critical concept in the treatment of infectious diseases. As we have already discussed in the first part of this series, antibiotics are unlike other medicines. Antibiotics do not have a direct effect on our bodies but on microbes. Subsequently, in the second part, we saw that these living microbes have learned
- [Change ahead. Are we ready?](https://www.mediscuss.org/change-ahead-are-we-ready/) - When the whole world witnessed the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009-10, India was significantly affected too. When we are in the midst of another pandemic, of COVID-19, is there something that we can learn from the 2009-10 experience? Worldwide, the US CDC estimates that up to 5,75,000 people lost their lives during that pandemic. Data
- [To Test or Not to Test: COVID-19, India, and the Controversy about Testing (In)adequacy](https://www.mediscuss.org/test-or-not-to-test-covid19-india-and-the-controversy-about-testing-inadequacy/) - Jim O’Neill, a British economist, made a controversial and callous remark about India’s potential to handle a pandemic, “Thank God this didn’t start in somewhere like India, because there’s absolutely no way that the quality of Indian governance could move to react in the way that the Chinese have done.” That was on 11 March
- [ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮುಂದಿದೆ - ನಾವು ಸಿದ್ಧರಾಗಿದ್ದೇವೆಯೇ?](https://www.mediscuss.org/change-ahead-are-we-ready-kannada/) - ಕೋವಿಡ್-19 ರೋಗಕ್ಕೆ ಲಸಿಕೆ ಇದ್ದರೂ ಅಥವಾ ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೂ, ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿ ಔಷಧಿ ಇದ್ದರೂ ಅಥವಾ ಇಲ್ಲದಿದ್ದರೂ, ನಾವು ಹಲವಾರು ರೀತಿಯ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಶಿಸ್ತನ್ನು ಕಾಪಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲೇಬೇಕು. ನಾವು ನಮ್ಮ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ನಡವಳಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ನೈರ್ಮಲ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲೇಬೇಕು.
- [ಹಬ್ಬ-ಸಮಾರಂಭಗಳು ಹಾಗೂ ವಿಶೇಷ ಋತುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ  ಮಧುಮೇಹದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ](https://www.mediscuss.org/kannada-diabetes-management-festivals-functions/) - ಭಾರತ ಆರಕ್ಕಿಂತಲೂ ಅಧಿಕ ಧರ್ಮಗಳಿರುವ, 29 ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಹಬ್ಬಗಳನ್ನು ಆಚರಿಸುವ, 6400 ಜಾತಿಗಳಿರುವ, ಪ್ರತಿ 100 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರಿಗೊಂದು ಭಾಷೆಯಿರುವ ದೇಶ. ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆಹಾರಕ್ರಮದಲ್ಲಿ ಅತ್ಯಧಿಕ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಇರುವ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆಯ ದೇಶ. ಈ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆಯೇ ಭಾರತೀಯರ ಜೀವನಾಡಿ. ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್, ನವೆಂಬರ್ ಮತ್ತು ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಲವಾರು ಹಬ್ಬಗಳಾದರೆ ಮಾರ್ಚ್, ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ಮೇ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಇಷ್ಟಪಡುವ ಮಾವು ಹಾಗೂ ಹಲಸು ಸುಲಭವಾಗಿ ಸಿಗುವ ಸಮಯವಾಗಿದ್ದು ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಮದುವೆ, ಗೃಹಪ್ರವೇಶ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ಸಮಾರಂಭಗಳು ನಡೆಯುವ
- [Scientific Writing: What Editors Want](https://www.mediscuss.org/scientific-writing-and-publication-what-editors-want/) - Here are some thoughts about scientific writing from three avid writers, who are also journal editors. During a panel discussion, they answered many questions. Questions that often haunt us while we write to publish. Read on.
- [Venturi Oxygen Delivery](https://www.mediscuss.org/venturi-oxygen-delivery/) - Oxygen supplementation during emergencies is a life-saving treatment. The atmospheric air contains 21% oxygen, which is inadequate for those with some types of breathlessness. We can enhance the amount of oxygen delivered to a patient in distress using specific devices. The most popular among such devices are the Venturi devices. Venturi masks work on the Bernoulli's
- [Why does our hair turn grey?](https://www.mediscuss.org/why-does-our-hair-turn-grey/) - Some scientists poke needles at our bubbles of happiness. Yes, at least they did for me. I was touting my grey hair as a sign of wisdom for many years. But now, some researchers have 'discovered' the 'real' reason for this greying, thus exposing my 'wisdom'! Scientists, using FT-Raman spectroscopy have proved hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced
- [Emergency Drug Charts for ICU](https://www.mediscuss.org/emergency-drug-charts-for-icu/) - It is critical to have no doubts and confusions about the essential emergency drugs in intensive care units (ICU). Here is a quick reference chart that you may want to download, print and display on the notice board of your ICU. The drugs included in this chart include noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), levosimendan, dobutamine, vasopressin, and
- [Warfarin Dosage Adjustment](https://www.mediscuss.org/warfarin-dosage-adjustment/) - Warfarin is one of the most commonly used oral anticoagulants. It is a vitamin-K antagonist (VKA) that has a narrow therapeutic index. While the newer oral anticoagulants (NOAC) like dabigatran, apixaban, and rivaroxaban are starting to replace warfarin in many clinical situations requiring anticoagulation, they are expensive. Moreover, in valvular atrial fibrillation and in patients

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## Categories

- [General](https://www.mediscuss.org/category/general/)
- [Clinical Skills](https://www.mediscuss.org/category/medical-education/clinical-skills/)
- [Internal Medicine](https://www.mediscuss.org/category/medical-education/internal-medicine/)
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## Tags

- [apex](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/apex/)
- [pmi](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pmi/)
- [apex beat](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/apex-beat/)
- [tapping](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/tapping/)
- [heaving](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/heaving/)
- [hyperdynamic](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hyperdynamic/)
- [auscultation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/auscultation/)
- [respiratory](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/respiratory/)
- [sounds](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sounds/)
- [vesicular](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vesicular/)
- [bronchial](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bronchial/)
- [crackles](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/crackles/)
- [wheezes](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/wheezes/)
- [rhonchi](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/rhonchi/)
- [stethoscope](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/stethoscope/)
- [pneumonia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pneumonia/)
- [warfarin](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/warfarin/)
- [anticoagulation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/anticoagulation/)
- [bleeding](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bleeding/)
- [clotting](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/clotting/)
- [vitamin K](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vitamin-k/)
- [dabigatran](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dabigatran/)
- [NOAC](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/noac/)
- [high-risk](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/high-risk/)
- [esr](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/esr/)
- [erythrocyte sedimentation rate](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate/)
- [rouleaux](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/rouleaux/)
- [tuberculosis](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/tuberculosis/)
- [multiple myeloma](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/multiple-myeloma/)
- [myeloma](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/myeloma/)
- [inflammation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/inflammation/)
- [grey hair](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/grey-hair/)
- [gray hair](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/gray-hair/)
- [senile](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/senile/)
- [oxidative stress](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/oxidative-stress/)
- [wisdom](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/wisdom/)
- [bitter mouth](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bitter-mouth/)
- [tnf-alpha](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/tnf-alpha/)
- [TNF](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/tnf/)
- [cytokines](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cytokines/)
- [dysgeusia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dysgeusia/)
- [bitter](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bitter/)
- [illness](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/illness/)
- [cell-signalling](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cell-signalling/)
- [macrophages](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/macrophages/)
- [emergency](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/emergency/)
- [drugs](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/drugs/)
- [icu](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/icu/)
- [entensive care](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/entensive-care/)
- [dobutamine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dobutamine/)
- [noradrenaline](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/noradrenaline/)
- [adrenaline](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/adrenaline/)
- [levosimendan](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/levosimendan/)
- [vasopressin](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vasopressin/)
- [dopamine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dopamine/)
- [amiodarone](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/amiodarone/)
- [midazolam](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/midazolam/)
- [vecuronium](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vecuronium/)
- [nitroglycerine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/nitroglycerine/)
- [enalaprilat](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/enalaprilat/)
- [pantoprazole](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pantoprazole/)
- [weight loss](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/weight-loss/)
- [obesity](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/obesity/)
- [consumption](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/consumption/)
- [exercise](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/exercise/)
- [activity](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/activity/)
- [oxygen](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/oxygen/)
- [venturi](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/venturi/)
- [breathlessness](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/breathlessness/)
- [Bernoulli principle](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bernoulli-principle/)
- [FiO2](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/fio2/)
- [lose weight](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/lose-weight/)
- [healthy eating](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/healthy-eating/)
- [healthy food](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/healthy-food/)
- [physical activity](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/physical-activity/)
- [water](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/water/)
- [drinking eater](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/drinking-eater/)
- [too much water](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/too-much-water/)
- [water intoxication](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/water-intoxication/)
- [water toxicity](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/water-toxicity/)
- [hyponatremia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hyponatremia/)
- [heart failure](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/heart-failure/)
- [doctor-patient](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/doctor-patient/)
- [relationshiop](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/relationshiop/)
- [empathy](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/empathy/)
- [professionalism](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/professionalism/)
- [doctor](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/doctor/)
- [patient](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/patient/)
- [atrocities](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/atrocities/)
- [attacks](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/attacks/)
- [models](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/models/)
- [death](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/death/)
- [life](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/life/)
- [life-death](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/life-death/)
- [good death](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/good-death/)
- [brain death](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/brain-death/)
- [antibiotics](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/antibiotics/)
- [bacteria](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bacteria/)
- [microorganisms](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/microorganisms/)
- [amr](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/amr/)
- [resistance](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/resistance/)
- [antibiotic resistance](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/antibiotic-resistance/)
- [scientific writing](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/scientific-writing/)
- [academic writing](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/academic-writing/)
- [publication](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/publication/)
- [writing style](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/writing-style/)
- [journal](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/journal/)
- [ಹಬ್ಬ](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಹಬ್ಬ/)
- [diabetes](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/diabetes/)
- [festivals](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/festivals/)
- [covid-19](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/covid-19/)
- [influenza](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/influenza/)
- [ಕೋವಿಡ್-19](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಕೋವಿಡ್-19/)
- [H1N1](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/h1n1/)
- [ಇನ್ಫ್ಲೂಯೆನ್ಸಾ](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಇನ್ಫ್ಲೂಯೆನ್ಸಾ/)
- [ಸಾಂಕ್ರಾಮಿಕ](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಸಾಂಕ್ರಾಮಿಕ/)
- [ಜಗನ್ಮಾರಿ](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಜಗನ್ಮಾರಿ/)
- [ಕೊರೋನಾವೈರಸ್](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ಕೊರೋನಾವೈರಸ್/)
- [india](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/india/)
- [testing](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/testing/)
- [lockdown](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/lockdown/)
- [UK](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/uk/)
- [USA](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/usa/)
- [social distancing](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/social-distancing/)
- [prospects](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/prospects/)
- [fourth wave](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/fourth-wave/)
- [scenario](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/scenario/)
- [pandemic](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pandemic/)
- [intestine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/intestine/)
- [artificial intelligence](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/artificial-intelligence/)
- [machine learning](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/machine-learning/)
- [ai and ml](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ai-and-ml/)
- [hospitals](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hospitals/)
- [healthcare](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/healthcare/)
- [diagnosis](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/diagnosis/)
- [predictive analytics](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/predictive-analytics/)
- [decision](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/decision/)
- [cramps](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cramps/)
- [nocturnal cramps](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/nocturnal-cramps/)
- [pain](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pain/)
- [leg pain](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/leg-pain/)
- [Fructose](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/fructose/)
- [High fructose corn syrup](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/high-fructose-corn-syrup/)
- [Processed foods](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/processed-foods/)
- [Honest Conversations](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/honest-conversations/)
- [Patient dialogues](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/patient-dialogues/)
- [Discussion](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/discussion/)
- [Shared decision making](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/shared-decision-making/)
- [Patient education](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/patient-education/)
- [Guarantee](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/guarantee/)
- [Cure](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cure/)
- [Side effects](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/side-effects/)
- [Medicines](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/medicines/)
- [Trust](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/trust/)
- [Stomach sounds](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/stomach-sounds/)
- [Abdomen sounds](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/abdomen-sounds/)
- [Stomach noise](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/stomach-noise/)
- [Borborygmi](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/borborygmi/)
- [doctors](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/doctors/)
- [handwriting](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/handwriting/)
- [legible](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/legible/)
- [illegible](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/illegible/)
- [Flatulence](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/flatulence/)
- [Farting](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/farting/)
- [Gas](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/gas/)
- [Smell](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/smell/)
- [Odour](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/odour/)
- [Odor](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/odor/)
- [Methane](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/methane/)
- [Sulfur](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sulfur/)
- [Yawning](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/yawning/)
- [Hypoxia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hypoxia/)
- [Sleep](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sleep/)
- [Reflex](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/reflex/)
- [Palm oil](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/palm-oil/)
- [Cooking oil](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cooking-oil/)
- [Saturated fat](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/saturated-fat/)
- [Cholesterol](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cholesterol/)
- [Heart health](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/heart-health/)
- [Agriculture](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/agriculture/)
- [interview](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/interview/)
- [conversations](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/conversations/)
- [hypertension](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hypertension/)
- [compliance](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/compliance/)
- [blood tests](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/blood-tests/)
- [reliability](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/reliability/)
- [abdomen](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/abdomen/)
- [bloating](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bloating/)
- [gastritis](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/gastritis/)
- [vaccines](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vaccines/)
- [safety](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/safety/)
- [adverse effects](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/adverse-effects/)
- [anti-vax](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/anti-vax/)
- [measles](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/measles/)
- [vaccine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vaccine/)
- [anti-vaccine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/anti-vaccine/)
- [public health](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/public-health/)
- [work-life balance](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/work-life-balance/)
- [work from home](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/work-from-home/)
- [work](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/work/)
- [balance](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/balance/)
- [well-being](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/well-being/)
- [policies](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/policies/)
- [flexible work](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/flexible-work/)
- [technology](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/technology/)
- [stress](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/stress/)
- [remote work](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/remote-work/)
- [productivity](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/productivity/)
- [mental health](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/mental-health/)
- [burnout](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/burnout/)
- [breath sounds](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/breath-sounds/)
- [vitamin d](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vitamin-d/)
- [calcium](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/calcium/)
- [deficiency](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/deficiency/)
- [rickets](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/rickets/)
- [osteomalacia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/osteomalacia/)
- [treatment](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/treatment/)
- [prevention](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/prevention/)
- [disease](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/disease/)
- [grief](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/grief/)
- [mortality](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/mortality/)
- [rituals](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/rituals/)
- [story](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/story/)
- [publishing](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/publishing/)
- [publications](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/publications/)
- [research](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/research/)
- [Hairfall](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hairfall/)
- [Hair](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/hair/)
- [Telogen effluvium](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/telogen-effluvium/)
- [health quotient](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/health-quotient/)
- [health literacy](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/health-literacy/)
- [health choices](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/health-choices/)
- [misonformation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/misonformation/)
- [disinformation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/disinformation/)
- [quotient](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/quotient/)
- [intelligence quotient](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/intelligence-quotient/)
- [Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ambulatory-blood-pressure-monitoring/)
- [ABPM](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/abpm/)
- [Blood pressure](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/blood-pressure/)
- [Diet](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/diet/)
- [Chips](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/chips/)
- [Crisps](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/crisps/)
- [Artificial colours](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/artificial-colours/)
- [Artificial flavors](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/artificial-flavors/)
- [sweets](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sweets/)
- [dietary control](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dietary-control/)
- [functions](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/functions/)
- [events](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/events/)
- [sleep hygiene](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sleep-hygiene/)
- [insomnia](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/insomnia/)
- [screen use](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/screen-use/)
- [sleep schedule](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sleep-schedule/)
- [google](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/google/)
- [symptoms](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/symptoms/)
- [search](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/search/)
- [health search](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/health-search/)
- [googling](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/googling/)
- [high blood pressure](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/high-blood-pressure/)
- [salt](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/salt/)
- [lifestyle](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/lifestyle/)
- [vertigo](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/vertigo/)
- [dizziness](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/dizziness/)
- [spinning](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/spinning/)
- [bppv](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/bppv/)
- [cancer](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cancer/)
- [cancer prevention](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cancer-prevention/)
- [pollution](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/pollution/)
- [carcinogen](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/carcinogen/)
- [atrial fibrillation](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/atrial-fibrillation/)
- [arregular beats](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/arregular-beats/)
- [missed beats](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/missed-beats/)
- [smartwatch](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/smartwatch/)
- [stroke](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/stroke/)
- [embolism](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/embolism/)
- [angiography](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/angiography/)
- [angioplasty](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/angioplasty/)
- [angiogram](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/angiogram/)
- [heart disease](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/heart-disease/)
- [coronary artery disease](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/coronary-artery-disease/)
- [oil](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/oil/)
- [fat](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/fat/)
- [cooking](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/cooking/)
- [fatty acid](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/fatty-acid/)
- [frying](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/frying/)
- [modern medicine](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/modern-medicine/)
- [ancient science](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ancient-science/)
- [ancient wisdom](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/ancient-wisdom/)
- [sattva](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/sattva/)
- [tamas](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/tamas/)
- [anxiety](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/anxiety/)
- [modern science](https://www.mediscuss.org/tag/modern-science/)